The institutional lesson is that chatbots can convert weak publication signals into medical confidence before review systems catch up. The fake studies entered the web as research-shaped artifacts, then chatbot interfaces translated that shape into advice about symptoms and care, a pattern later summarized as systems that told people it was real. The health misinformation audit named the mechanism publicly , and the practitioner anxiety around research substitution followed immediately . In medical search, authority is now partly a formatting problem: once falsehoods look like literature, chatbots can make them…